Patriarchal Culture as the Cause of Gender Inequality in Indonesia

Abstract

This study aims to explore the main causes behind gender inequality issues in Indonesia and analyze the efforts made by the government to address these problems. Specifically, it seeks to identify cultural and structural factors that lead to discrimination against women, examine the Islamic perspective on gender and feminism, and evaluate government programs promoting gender equality. The study adopts a qualitative approach using a literature review (library research) that draws upon academic literature, laws, and secondary data. Findings indicate that gender inequality in Indonesia is mainly rooted in patriarchal systems deeply ingrained in social culture and customs, which place men as superior and women as subordinate. Moreover, Islam itself does not teach women’s subordination; instead, it promotes equality between men and women. Therefore, gender discrimination stems largely from cultural interpretations rather than religious doctrine. The study concludes that achieving gender equality in Indonesia requires structural reforms, cultural transformation, and synergy between religious values and state policies.